Zizindikiro zazikulu zamafuta

Katundu wakuthupi ndi mankhwala

Mtundu uliwonse wamafuta odzola uli ndi mawonekedwe ake wamba amthupi ndi mankhwala kuwonetsa mtundu wa mankhwalawo. Pazodzola zamafuta, izi ndizochita zathupi ndi mankhwala ndi awa:

(1) Kuchulukitsitsa

Kuchulukitsitsa ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri yamafuta opangira mafuta. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta opaka mafuta kumawonjezeka ndikukula kwa mpweya, mpweya, ndi sulfure momwe zimapangidwira. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa mamasukidwe akayendedwe omwewo kapena kuchuluka komweku kwama molekyulu, kuchuluka kwa mafuta opaka mafuta okhala ndi ma hydrocarboni onunkhira kwambiri ndi nkhama zambiri ndi asphaltenes Zazikulu kwambiri, zokhala ndi ma cycloalkanes ambiri pakati, komanso zazing'ono kwambiri ndi ma alkanes ambiri.

(2) Maonekedwe (chromaticity)

Mtundu wa mafuta nthawi zambiri umawunikira kuyenga kwake ndi kukhazikika kwake. Pamafuta am'munsi, kuchuluka kwa kukonzanso kumatsuka, kuyeretsa kwa ma oxide a hydrocarbon ndi ma sulfide kumachotsedwa, ndikuwunikira utoto. Komabe, ngakhale kuyeretsa kwake kuli kofanana, utoto ndi kuwonekera kwa mafuta oyambira omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana amafuta ndi mafuta osakhazikika amatha kukhala osiyana.

Kwa mafuta omaliza atsopano, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, utoto ngati cholozera choweruza mulingo woyenga mafuta m'munsi wataya tanthauzo lake loyambirira

(3) Cholozera cha viscosis

Viscosity index imawonetsa momwe kukhuthala kwamafuta kumasinthira kutentha. Kukwera kwa index ya mamasukidwe akachulukidwe, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamafuta kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito a kutentha kwake, komanso mosiyana

(4) Kukhuthala

Kukhuthala kumawonetsera mkangano wamkati wamafuta, ndipo ndi chisonyezero cha mafuta ndi madzi. Popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera, kukhuthala kwakukulu kumawonjezera mphamvu yamafilimu amafuta, ndikuipiraipira kwamadzi.

(5) Mfundo yaying'ono

Kuwala ndi chizindikiro cha kutentha kwa mafuta. Chigawo cha mafuta chikakhala chopepuka, m'pamenenso mpweyawo umakhala wochuluka ndipo m'munsi mwake mumatsika pang'ono pokha. Mosiyana ndi izi, gawo lamafuta lolemera kwambiri, locheperako nthunzi, komanso kuwala kwake kumakweza. Nthawi yomweyo, flash point ndiye chisonyezo cha kuwopsa kwamoto kwa mafuta. Mavuto owopsa a mafuta amagawika malinga ndi kuwunika kwawo. Malo owala ali pansipa 45 ℃ ngati zinthu zoyaka moto, ndipo pamwamba pa 45 ℃ pali zinthu zomwe zitha kuyaka. Ndizoletsedwa kutenthetsa mafuta mpaka kutentha kwake panthawi yosungira mafuta ndi mayendedwe. Pankhani ya mamasukidwe akayendedwe omwewo, kukwera kwa flash, kumakhala bwino. Chifukwa chake, wosuta ayenera kusankha kutengera kutentha ndi magwiridwe antchito amafuta posankha mafutawo. Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti flash flash ndi 20 ~ 30 ℃ kuposa kutentha kwa ntchito, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtendere wamaganizidwe.